Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Consequence of Immature Breathing induces Persistent Changes in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Behavior: A Role of Pro-Oxidant State and NMDA Receptor Imbalance

doi: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533692

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . ( left ) Representative traces of the evoked fEPSP from control (black), control+AP5 [50µM] (green), nIH (red) and nIH +AP5 [50µM] (blue) in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( middle ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time relative to the slope before TBS in control, control+AP5, nIH and nIH+AP5. ( right ) fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min after TBS in control slices vs control+AP5 [50 µM]. B . ( top ) Representative image for GluN1. (bottom) The graph shows GluN1 did not change protein expression after nIH exposure compared with control. (two tailed t-test, t=0.63; df=4.1; P=0.55). C . (top) Western blot picture for GluN2A. (bottom) Comparison for both conditions show GluN2A decreased the protein content levels after nIH. (two tailed t-test, t=4.017; df=6.43; P=0.006). D . ( top ) Representative immunoblot image for GluN2B. (bottom) Comparison of both conditions show increased GluN2B levels after nIH (two tailed t-test, t=3.43; df=5.78; P=0.014). E . GluN2B/GluN2A comparison ratio. F . ( left ) Representative traces of the evoked fEPSP control +TCN [5 µM] (orange), control + ifenprodil [5 µM] (cyan) and control + both drugs (olive) in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( middle ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time relative to the slope before TBS and ( right ) Comparison of fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min after TBS (one way ANOVA, F (3,20) =43.52; P<0.001). Black dashed line represents the mean slope of the fEPSP 60 min following TBS in control slices from . G . ( left ) Representative traces of the evoked fEPSP from nIH+TCN [5 µM] (dark yellow) and nIH +ifenprodil [5 µM] (light blue) in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( middle ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time and relative to slope before TBS ( right ) fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min after TBS (two tailed t-test, t=12.46; df=4.59; P=0.001). Red dashed line represents the mean slope of the fEPSP 60 min following TBS in nIH slices from . Scale bars for A, F and G: 10 msec x 0.2 mV. The box-plot parameters indicate mean ± S.E. The analysis was performed for A to E using unpaired two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction and for F and G the analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 and ****P<0.0001).

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated under constant shaking with primary antibodies: anti rabbit GluN1 (1:2000; Abcam Cat# ab109182, RRID:AB_10862307) anti-rabbit GluN2A (1:2000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4205, RRID:AB_2112295), anti-rabbit GluN2B (1:2000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 14544, RRID:AB_2798506), anti-rabbit NOX2 (1:2000; Abcam Cat# ab129068, RRID:AB_11144496) anti-rabbit NOX4 (1:500; Novus Cat# NB110-58851B, RRID:AB_1217375 and anti-mouse GAPDH (1: 10.000; Abcam Cat# ab8245, RRID:AB_2107448).

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Two Tailed Test, Western Blot, Comparison

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Consequence of Immature Breathing induces Persistent Changes in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Behavior: A Role of Pro-Oxidant State and NMDA Receptor Imbalance

doi: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533692

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured in hippocampal homogenates from control, nIH Saline and 10-Mn. (one way ANOVA, F (2,12) =11.53; P=0.0016). B . (top) Representative blot of nuclear HIF1a performed from control, nIH Saline and IH 10-Mn mice. (bottom) Quantification of HIF1a expression (one way ANOVA, F (2,12) =5.76; P=0.017). C . (top) Immunoblot of NOX2. (bottom) Significant differences was found in hippocampal homogenate from nIH Saline compared to control and nIH Mn (one way ANOVA, F (2,15) =9.26; P=0.0024). D . (top) Representative image of NOX4. ( bottom ) Comparison of NOX4 expression between control, nIH Saline and nIH Mn . (one way ANOVA, F (2,9) =11.46; P=0.0034). E . ( left ) Representative blot of GluN2A from control, nIH Saline and nIH Mn mice. ( right ). Quantification of GluN2A expression. (one way ANOVA, F (2,15) =6.63; P=0.0086). F . ( left ) Immunoblot of GluN2B. ( right ) Significant differences were found in hippocampal homogenate from nIH Saline vs control and nIH Mn . (one way ANOVA, F (2,12) =6.88; P=0.01). G . (top) Representative traces of evoked fEPSP from nIH Mn (purple) in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( left bottom ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time relative to the slope before TBS in nIH Mn . ( right ) fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min after TBS in nIH vs nIH Mn slices. (two tailed t-test, t=3.41; df=10.61; P=0.0061). Dashed lines represent the mean slope of the fEPSP 60 min following TBS in control (black dashed line) and nIH (red dashed line) slices from . H . (top) Representative traces of the evoked fEPSP from nIH Mn in presence the ifenprodil [5 µM] (light purple) in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( left bottom ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time relative to the slope before TBS in nIH Mn in presence the ifenprodil. ( right ) fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min after TBS in IH+ifenprodil vs nIH Mn in presence of ifenprodil. (two tailed t-test, t=3.99; df=6.99; P=0.019). Blue dashed line represents the mean slope of the fEPSP 60 min following TBS in ifenprodil treated nIH slices from . For G and H, Scale bars 10 msec x 0.2 mV. The analysis was performed for A to F using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc and for G and F, the analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated under constant shaking with primary antibodies: anti rabbit GluN1 (1:2000; Abcam Cat# ab109182, RRID:AB_10862307) anti-rabbit GluN2A (1:2000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4205, RRID:AB_2112295), anti-rabbit GluN2B (1:2000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 14544, RRID:AB_2798506), anti-rabbit NOX2 (1:2000; Abcam Cat# ab129068, RRID:AB_11144496) anti-rabbit NOX4 (1:500; Novus Cat# NB110-58851B, RRID:AB_1217375 and anti-mouse GAPDH (1: 10.000; Abcam Cat# ab8245, RRID:AB_2107448).

Techniques: Control, Saline, Expressing, Western Blot, Comparison, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Consequence of Immature Breathing induces Persistent Changes in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Behavior: A Role of Pro-Oxidant State and NMDA Receptor Imbalance

doi: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533692

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . (top) Representative traces of the evoked fEPSP from adult control (black) and adult mice were exposed to neonatal IH (red) in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( left bottom ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time and relative to baseline prior to TBS. ( right bottom ) fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min following TBS in adult control vs Adult nIH (two tailed t-test, t=5.70; df=9.04; P=0.003). B . (top) Representative trace of the evoked from control+ TCN-213 [5 µM] and control + ifenprodil [5 µM] in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( left bottom ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time and relative to baseline prior to TBS. ( right bottom ) fEPSP comparison at 60 min following TBS in control +TCN and control+ ifenprodil (two tailed t-test, t=7.43; df=4.65; P=0.0009). Black dashed line represents the mean slope of the fEPSP 60 min following TBS in control slices from . C . (top) Representative trace of the evoked response from Adult nIH + TCN-213 [5 µM] and Adult nIH + ifenprodil [5 µM] in baseline conditions prior to TBS (1) and following TBS (2). ( left bottom ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time relative to baseline prior to TBS. ( right bottom ) fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min following TBS (two tailed t-test, t=4.72; df=4.06; P=0.0064). Red dashed line represents the mean slope of the fEPSP after 60 min following TBS in control slices from . D . (top) Representative traces of the evoked fEPSP from adult mice was exposure to neonatal IH+10 days of MnTMPyP (Adult nIH-Mn ) and adult mice receive MnTMPyP after exposure to neonatal IH (Adult REC-Mn ) in baseline conditions before TBS (1) and after TBS (2). ( left bottom ) Mean fEPSP slope plotted as a function of time and relative to slope before TBS in Adult nIH-Mn vs Adult REC-Mn ( right bottom ) fEPSP slope represented as percent change from baseline at 60 min after TBS Adult nIH-Mn vs Adult REC-Mn (two tailed t-test, t=3.79; df=8.16; P=0.0051). E. Representative image of GluN1. ( bottom ) Quantification shows GluN1 protein expression is not changed in Adult nIH , Adult nIH-Mn or 10+Mn exposures compared to control (one way ANOVA, F (3,16)=1.14 ; P=0.93; N=5). F . (top) Representative blot of GluN2A performed from adult mice unexposed, Adult nIH , Adult nIH-Mn or Adult REC-Mn . ( bottom ). Quantification of GluN2A expression from adult control, Adult nIH , Adult nIH-Mn or 10+Mn. (one way ANOVA, F (3,12)=8.31 ; P=0.0029, N=4). G . (top) Immunoblot of GluN2B. ( bottom ) Significant differences were found in hippocampal homogenates from adult control, Adult nIH , Adult nIH-Mn or Adult REC-Mn (one way ANOVA, F (3,12)=4.91 ; P=0.018, N=4). The box plot parameters indicate mean ± S.E. The analysis was performed for A-D using unpaired two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction. The analysis was performed for E-G using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc. *P=0.05, **P=0.01, ***P=0.001 and N.S= no significant. Scale bars for A,B, F and G= 10 msec x 0.2 mV

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated under constant shaking with primary antibodies: anti rabbit GluN1 (1:2000; Abcam Cat# ab109182, RRID:AB_10862307) anti-rabbit GluN2A (1:2000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 4205, RRID:AB_2112295), anti-rabbit GluN2B (1:2000; Cell Signaling Technology Cat# 14544, RRID:AB_2798506), anti-rabbit NOX2 (1:2000; Abcam Cat# ab129068, RRID:AB_11144496) anti-rabbit NOX4 (1:500; Novus Cat# NB110-58851B, RRID:AB_1217375 and anti-mouse GAPDH (1: 10.000; Abcam Cat# ab8245, RRID:AB_2107448).

Techniques: Control, Two Tailed Test, Comparison, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Astrocytic histone deacetylase 2 facilitates delayed depression and memory impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage by negatively regulating glutamate transporter-1

doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4330

Figure Lengend Snippet: The changes of interstitial glutamate concentration, astrocytic glutamate reuptake function, and the expression of GluN2B, GluA1 and glutamate transporters in hippocampus after SAH at 8 weeks. (A) The concentration of interstitial glutamate in the hippocampus of the mice was detected by HPLC-MS/MS. **, P<0.01, the SAH group vs. the sham group. N=8 mice per group. (B) Glutamate uptake assay on the hippocampal astrocytes sorted by immunomagnetic beads. **, P<0.01, the SAH group vs. the sham group. N=6 mice per group. (C,D) Western blot was performed to detect the expression of p-GluN2B/GluN2B, p-GluA1/GluA1, GLT-1, and GLAST protein in hippocampal tissue in the sham group and the SAH group at 1 week before and 8 weeks after SAH. **, P<0.01, vs. the indicated groups. N=5 animals in each group.

Article Snippet: The antibodies used were HDAC1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #34589), HDAC2 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #57156), HDAC3 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #85057), HDAC4 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #15164), HDAC5 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #20458), HDAC6 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #7558), GLT-1 (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #3838), GLAST (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #5684), GluN2B (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #14544), p-GluN2B (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #5355), GluA1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #13185), p-GluA1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, 75574), and β-actin (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #4967).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Expressing, Tandem Mass Spectroscopy, Western Blot

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Astrocytic histone deacetylase 2 facilitates delayed depression and memory impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage by negatively regulating glutamate transporter-1

doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4330

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of selective HDAC2 inhibitor and GLT-1 inhibitor on DCI in SAH mice. (A) The SAH mice were intraperitoneally administered with HDAC2 inhibitor (2 mg/kg) and GLT-1 inhibitor (WAY-213613, 1 mg/kg) two weeks after surgery once every other day. The expression of GLT-1, HDAC2, p-GluN2B and p-GluA1 in hippocampus was detected after SAH at 8 weeks. N=5 animals in each group. (B) Forced swimming test and (C) sugar water preference test were used to evaluate the depressive behavior of SAH mice treated with HDAC2 inhibitor (Santacruzamate A) and GLT-1 inhibitor (WAY-213613). **, P<0.01, vs. the sham group; #, P<0.05 and ##, P<0.01, vs. the indicated groups. (D) Morris water maze test was used to detect the escape latency for reflecting spatial learning memory, *, P<0.01, and **, P<0.01, vs. the indicated groups. (E) Reference memory was detected by recording the time in target quadrant of Morris water maze test. **, P<0.01, vs. the sham group; #, P<0.05, vs. the indicated groups. N=8 mice per group.

Article Snippet: The antibodies used were HDAC1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #34589), HDAC2 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #57156), HDAC3 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #85057), HDAC4 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #15164), HDAC5 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #20458), HDAC6 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #7558), GLT-1 (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #3838), GLAST (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #5684), GluN2B (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #14544), p-GluN2B (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #5355), GluA1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #13185), p-GluA1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, 75574), and β-actin (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #4967).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Astrocytic histone deacetylase 2 facilitates delayed depression and memory impairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage by negatively regulating glutamate transporter-1

doi: 10.21037/atm-20-4330

Figure Lengend Snippet: Negative regulation of GLT-1 by astrocytes HDAC2 leads to dysfunction of glutamate reuptake in the synaptic cleft. In normal condition, the acetylation of histones in astrocytes facilitates the transcriptional regulation of GLT-1. Glutamate in the synaptic cleft is rapidly absorbed into astrocytes to maintain excitability of synapses. The increase of HDAC2 in astrocytes after SAH results in the deacetylation of histones and inhibits the transcription expression of GLT-1. The decrease of GLT-1 expression will lead to the impairment of glutamate reuptake in astrocytes and the long-term accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic space, resulting the dephosphorylation of ionized glutamate receptors GluN2B and GluA1 on the postsynaptic membrane. These eventually result in the long-term inhibition of synaptic excitability and DCI. DCI, delayed cognitive impairment.

Article Snippet: The antibodies used were HDAC1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #34589), HDAC2 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #57156), HDAC3 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #85057), HDAC4 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #15164), HDAC5 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #20458), HDAC6 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #7558), GLT-1 (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #3838), GLAST (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #5684), GluN2B (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #14544), p-GluN2B (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #5355), GluA1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #13185), p-GluA1 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, 75574), and β-actin (1:2,000, Cell Signaling Technology, #4967).

Techniques: Expressing, De-Phosphorylation Assay, Inhibition

Journal: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Article Title: Tong Luo Jiu Nao ameliorates Aβ 1–40 -induced cognitive impairment on adaptive behavior learning by modulating ERK/CaMKII/CREB signaling in the hippocampus

doi: 10.1186/s12906-015-0584-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of drugs administration on the expression levels of memory-related molecules in the hippocampus. Subpart (A) is the expression levels of mAchR M1 receptor; subpart (B) is the expression levels of phosphor-NMDAR1 and NMDAR1 proteins; subpart (C) is the expression levels of phosphor-NMDAR2B and NMDAR2B proteins; subpart (D) is the expression levels of phosphor-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 proteins; subpart (E) is the expression levels of phosphor-CaMKII and CaMKII proteins; subpart (F) is the expression levels of phosphor-CREB and CREB proteins;. All data are expressed as means ± SEM, n=3. Significant differences *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; compared with the sham; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 compared with the Aβ 1–40 .

Article Snippet: Antibodies for Phospho-NMDAR1 (Ser890), NMDAR1 (D65B7), Phospho-NMDAR2B (Tyr1070), NMDAR2B, Phospho-CaMKII (Thr286), CaMKII (pan), Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204), p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (137 F5), Phospho-CREB (Ser133) and CREB (48H2) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Cell Signaling, USA).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Dynamics of the mouse brain cortical synaptic proteome during postnatal brain development

doi: 10.1038/srep35456

Figure Lengend Snippet: Samples of different enriched subfractions were resolved on SDS-PAGE, and then immunoblotted for specific synaptic markers. NMDA receptor 2b (Grin2b) and Dlg4 proteins are markers of postsynaptic density fraction; synaptophysin (Syp) is a marker of the presynaptic terminal. Hom: homogenate; P2: pellet 2; Syn: synaptosome; Sym, synaptic membrane; PSD: Triton X-100 insoluble postsynaptic density fraction. Normalization of the protein input was performed using the stain-free gel.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used for immunoblot analysis; Grin2a (1:1000, Abcam, ab14596), Grin2b (1:1000, Neuromab, 75-101), Gria2 (1:1000, Neuromab, 75-002), Gria3 (1:1000, Abcam, ab87609), Gap43 (1:1000, Sigma, G9264), Marcks (1:250, GenScript, A00511), Nptn (1:500, Gift from K. H. Smalla), Cxadr (1:500, obtained from GenScript, raised against the synthetic peptide PDLKGRVHFTSNDVC), PSD95 (Dlg4, 1:10000, Neuromab, 75-028), Syp (1:2000, GeneScript, A01307) and Snap29 (1:1000, Synaptic Systems, 111303).

Techniques: SDS Page, Marker, Staining